466 lines
8.2 KiB
Markdown
466 lines
8.2 KiB
Markdown
# HTTPS 部署指南 - 使用 Tailscale
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## 概述
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本指南介绍如何使用 Tailscale 为 OpenClaw/城市手册项目配置 HTTPS 访问，实现安全的公网访问。
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## 场景
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- **部署环境:** LXC 容器 (10.181.143.185)
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- **访问方式:** 宿主机通过 Tailscale HTTPS 访问
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- **域名:** `lobster-server.taild6528e.ts.net`
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- **端口:** 18789 (OpenClaw Gateway)
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## 前提条件
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1. LXC 容器或服务器（已安装 OpenClaw）
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2. 宿主机或访问设备
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3. Tailscale 账号（免费账号即可）
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4. 网络连接
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---
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## 步骤 1: 在 LXC 容器安装 Tailscale
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### 1.1 安装 Tailscale
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```bash
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curl -fsSL https://tailscale.com/install.sh | sh
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```
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**输出示例：**
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```
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Installing Tailscale for ubuntu noble, using method apt
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...
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Installation complete! Log in to start using Tailscale by running:
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tailscale up
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```
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### 1.2 启动 Tailscale
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```bash
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tailscale up
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```
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**输出：**
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```
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To authenticate, visit:
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https://login.tailscale.com/a/xxxxxxxxxxxxx
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```
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### 1.3 登录 Tailscale
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1. 打开浏览器访问输出的链接
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2. 使用 Google/Microsoft/GitHub 等账号登录
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3. 完成调查问卷（可选，随便选）
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4. 连接设备
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### 1.4 验证状态
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```bash
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tailscale status
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```
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**输出示例：**
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```
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100.92.50.55 lobster-server phosphernew@ linux -
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```
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**说明：**
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- `100.92.50.55` - Tailscale 分配的 IP
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- `lobster-server` - 设备名称
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- `phosphernew@` - 账号
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---
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## 步骤 2: 启用 Tailscale Serve
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### 2.1 尝试启动 Serve
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```bash
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tailscale serve --bg http://127.0.0.1:18789
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```
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**可能遇到的错误：**
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```
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Serve is not enabled on your tailnet.
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To enable, visit:
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https://login.tailscale.com/f/serve?node=nod1aN1vyE11CNTRL
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```
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### 2.2 启用 Serve 功能
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1. 打开链接：https://login.tailscale.com/f/serve?node=nod1aN1vyE11CNTRL
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2. 登录 Tailscale 管理后台
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3. 找到 "Serve" 或 "Funnel" 选项
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4. 点击 **Enable**（启用）
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### 2.3 重新启动 Serve
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```bash
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tailscale serve --bg http://127.0.0.1:18789
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```
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**成功输出：**
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```
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Available within your tailnet:
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https://lobster-server.taild6528e.ts.net/
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|-- proxy http://127.0.0.1:18789
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Serve started and running in the background.
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```
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### 2.4 查看 Serve 状态
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```bash
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tailscale serve status
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```
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**输出示例：**
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```
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https://lobster-server.taild6528e.ts.net (tailnet only)
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|-- / proxy http://127.0.0.1:18789
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```
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---
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## 步骤 3: 配置 OpenClaw
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### 3.1 修改 OpenClaw 配置
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编辑 `~/.openclaw/openclaw.json`：
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```json
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{
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"gateway": {
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"controlUi": {
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"allowInsecureAuth": true,
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"allowedOrigins": ["*"],
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"dangerouslyDisableDeviceAuth": true
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}
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}
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}
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```
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**说明：**
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- `dangerouslyDisableDeviceAuth: true` - 禁用设备身份认证（内网安全环境）
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- `allowedOrigins: ["*"]` - 允许所有来源（配合 Tailscale 使用）
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### 3.2 重启 Gateway
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```bash
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# 停止现有进程
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pkill -f openclaw-gateway
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# 等待 2 秒
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sleep 2
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# 重新启动
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openclaw gateway &
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```
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### 3.3 验证 Gateway 状态
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```bash
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openclaw gateway status
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```
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**输出示例：**
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```
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Gateway: bind=lan (0.0.0.0), port=18789
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Dashboard: http://10.181.143.185:18789/
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```
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---
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## 步骤 4: 在宿主机安装 Tailscale
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### 4.1 安装 Tailscale
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在宿主机上运行：
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```bash
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curl -fsSL https://tailscale.com/install.sh | sh
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```
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### 4.2 启动并登录
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```bash
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sudo tailscale up
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```
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**输出：**
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```
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To authenticate, visit:
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https://login.tailscale.com/a/xxxxxxxxxxxxx
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```
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### 4.3 使用同一账号登录
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1. 打开链接
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2. **重要：** 使用与 LXC 容器**相同的账号**登录
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3. 完成认证
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### 4.4 验证连接
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```bash
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tailscale status
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```
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**输出示例：**
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```
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100.92.50.55 lobster-server phosphernew@ linux -
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100.93.45.67 phospher-openclaw phosphernew@ linux -
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```
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**说明：** 两台设备在同一个 Tailscale 网络中
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---
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## 步骤 5: 访问 OpenClaw
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### 5.1 获取访问地址
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从步骤 2.3 的输出中获取 HTTPS 地址：
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```
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https://lobster-server.taild6528e.ts.net
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```
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### 5.2 在浏览器访问
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1. 打开浏览器
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2. 访问：`https://lobster-server.taild6528e.ts.net`
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3. 输入网关令牌（从配置文件获取）
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### 5.3 获取网关令牌
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```bash
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grep -o '"token": "[^"]*"' ~/.openclaw/openclaw.json | cut -d'"' -f4
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```
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**输出示例：**
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```
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3f944c723dde233d333da5d46be4f6c99b604cb9f6302bef
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```
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### 5.4 连接成功
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输入令牌后，应该能看到 OpenClaw Control UI 界面。
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---
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## 步骤 6: 启用公网访问（可选）
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如果需要从**任何地方**访问（不仅限于 Tailscale 网络），可以启用 Funnel。
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### 6.1 启用 Funnel
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```bash
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tailscale funnel --bg 18789
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```
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**可能遇到的错误：**
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```
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Funnel is not enabled on your tailnet.
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To enable, visit:
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https://login.tailscale.com/f/funnel?node=nod1aN1vyE11CNTRL
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```
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### 6.2 启用 Funnel 功能
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1. 打开链接：https://login.tailscale.com/f/funnel?node=nod1aN1vyE11CNTRL
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2. 登录管理后台
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3. 启用 Funnel 功能
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### 6.3 重新启动 Funnel
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```bash
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tailscale funnel --bg 18789
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```
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**成功输出：**
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```
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Available on the internet:
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https://lobster-server.taild6528e.ts.net
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```
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### 6.4 验证状态
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```bash
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tailscale serve status
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```
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**输出示例：**
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```
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# Funnel on:
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# - https://lobster-server.taild6528e.ts.net
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https://lobster-server.taild6528e.ts.net (Funnel on)
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|-- / proxy http://127.0.0.1:18789
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```
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**说明：** `(Funnel on)` 表示可以从公网访问
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---
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## 故障排除
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### 问题 1: DNS 解析失败
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**错误：** `DNS_PROBE_FINISHED_NXDOMAIN`
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**原因：** Tailscale 域名只能在安装了 Tailscale 的设备上解析
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**解决方案：**
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1. 在访问设备上安装 Tailscale
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2. 登录同一账号
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3. 再访问域名
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### 问题 2: Serve 未启用
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**错误：** `Serve is not enabled on your tailnet`
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**解决方案：**
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1. 访问启用链接
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2. 在管理后台启用 Serve
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3. 重新启动 serve 命令
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### 问题 3: 设备认证失败
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**错误：** `control ui requires device identity`
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**解决方案：**
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1. 修改 `openclaw.json` 配置
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2. 添加 `"dangerouslyDisableDeviceAuth": true`
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3. 重启 Gateway
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### 问题 4: 连接被拒绝
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**错误：** `Connection refused`
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**检查：**
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```bash
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# 检查 Gateway 是否运行
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openclaw gateway status
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# 检查端口监听
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ss -tlnp | grep 18789
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# 检查 Tailscale 状态
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tailscale status
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```
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### 问题 5: 令牌无效
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**错误：** `Invalid token`
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**解决方案：**
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1. 重新获取令牌
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2. 检查配置文件
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3. 重启 Gateway
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---
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## 安全考虑
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### 优点
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1. **自动 HTTPS:** Tailscale 自动处理证书，无需手动配置
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2. **设备认证:** 只有 Tailscale 网络内的设备可以访问
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3. **零配置:** 无需开放防火墙端口
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4. **动态 DNS:** 域名自动更新，无需固定 IP
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### 注意事项
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1. **账号安全:** 保护好 Tailscale 账号
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2. **设备管理:** 定期检查已连接设备
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3. **访问控制:** 使用 `dangerouslyDisableDeviceAuth` 仅限内网
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4. **Funnel 风险:** 启用 Funnel 后公网可访问，谨慎使用
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---
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## 高级配置
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### 自定义域名
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如果有自己的域名，可以配置 CNAME：
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```
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CNAME lobster-server.taild6528e.ts.net
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```
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### 多端口代理
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```bash
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# 代理多个服务
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tailscale serve --bg https://443 http://127.0.0.1:18789
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tailscale serve --bg https://8443 http://127.0.0.1:8080
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```
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### 路径路由
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```bash
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# 不同路径代理到不同服务
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tailscale serve --bg /api http://127.0.0.1:8000
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tailscale serve --bg /chat http://127.0.0.1:18789
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```
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---
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## 常用命令
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### Tailscale 管理
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```bash
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# 查看状态
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tailscale status
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# 查看 IP
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tailscale ip
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# 查看 Serve 状态
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tailscale serve status
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# 停止 Serve
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tailscale serve --https=443 off
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# 重启 Tailscale
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sudo systemctl restart tailscaled
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```
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### OpenClaw 管理
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```bash
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# 查看状态
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openclaw status
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# 查看 Gateway 状态
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openclaw gateway status
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# 重启 Gateway
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openclaw gateway restart
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# 查看日志
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openclaw logs --follow
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```
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---
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## 参考链接
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- [Tailscale 官方文档](https://tailscale.com/docs)
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- [Tailscale Serve](https://tailscale.com/kb/1242/tailscale-serve)
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- [OpenClaw 文档](https://docs.openclaw.ai)
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- [城市手册项目](http://10.2.0.100:8989/mashen/chengshishouce.git)
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---
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## 版本信息
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- **文档版本:** 1.0
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- **创建日期:** 2026-04-12
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- **Tailscale 版本:** 1.96.4
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- **OpenClaw 版本:** 2026.4.11
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- **作者:** 码神 ⚡
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